I'm having lots of fun at the moment learning kanji (chinese characters). Each character has a stroke count. It becomes easier to write them once you've learnt the style in which they are written.
The kanji makes the main idea and then you fill in the grammar with hiragana. So from 食(eat) you can make the verb to 'eat' 食べる (taberu) or the noun 'food' 食べ物 (tabemono).
Some kanji are cute: 雨 (ame) means rain.
Today I learnt that if you put 電 (electricity) with 話 (talk) you get 電話 (telephone).
I guess this answered the question about how some new words are formed with emerging modern technologies. Some are foreign and so written in Katakana: コンピュータ (conpyu-ta).
These are the ones I need to learn for my test in July- I've applied for the Japanese Language Proficiency test level 5 (the easiest level).